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When I woke up, what happened to the world? 2025.6.6

2025-06-07 02:01:40 HKTtodayinfo

今天我们来重点关注第4条简讯:俄罗斯承诺向印度移交苏-57战机全部源代码.

这一消息是俄罗斯国有联合飞机公司(注:这是俄罗斯航空工业的核心企业,整合了苏联遗留的顶尖航空设计局与制造厂)在6月4日宣布的,一般来说,由于软件系统对战机性能的核心作用远超旧式战机,第五代战斗机源代码被视为高度敏感资产。以F-35为例,其软件代码超过1000万行,中国歼-20的代码复杂度据估测与之相当。尽管苏-57的代码系统被认为相对简化,但其复杂度仍显著高于采用陈旧计算机架构的美制F-22战机。而俄罗斯若真将此举落实,将开创全球先例。

印度空军的Su-30MKI

5月,印度装备的法制"阵风"战机在与巴基斯坦的中国造歼-10、枭龙的交锋中遭遇重大损失,加之前两天曝料的巴基斯坦正与中国洽谈在2026年之前装备歼-35,这些都是印度加速推进苏-57采购计划的原因。尽管多方消息显示俄印接近达成协议,美国也还是在加紧施压阻挠,6月4日美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克指责道:"印度采购俄制武器的政策令美国不快。"此前美国政府曾多次威胁对印度采购俄制S-400防空系统实施制裁,这延续了美国自1950年代以来压制俄制武器客户的长期政策(《以制裁反击美国对手法案》)。

印度与俄罗斯的军售合作源远流长,在上世纪六十年代,美国在南亚寻找到巴基斯坦作为盟友,巴基斯坦获得美国提供的F-104“星式”战斗机。而中国此时也与苏联产生嫌隙,1962年中印之间发生边境冲突。被打的丢盔弃甲的印度迫切需要引进超音速战斗机以维持地区军力平衡。在此背景下,为制衡中美,苏联开始加速武装印度,提出向印度提供米格-21战斗机,并愿意转让相关技术,允许印度在本土进行组装和生产,这也让印度成为首个获此技术的非社会主义国家。

印度空军于1963年接收了首批六架米格-21战斗机,这些飞机在苏联制造并测试飞行后,拆解运送至印度进行重新组装。但由于技术和政治方面的复杂性,印度国产化进展缓慢,在苏联工程师的全力支持下,1970年才交付了首架完全由印度本土制造的米格-21。为继续强化印度对苏联的依赖,扩大苏联在南亚的影响力。1971年《苏印友好合作条约》签署后,苏联进一步交付安-12运输机及米格系列其他战机给印度,支持了印度在第三次印巴战争中获胜。冷战期间,苏制装备占印度军备进口的70%以上,奠定两国军工合作根基。

而继承苏联主要遗产的俄罗斯,延续了对印军售战略。1990年代,印度引进米格-29并逐步实现本土组装。2000年代初,印度引进苏-30MKI生产线,该机也逐步成为其空军主力。2013年,印度海军首次接收俄制米格-29K舰载战斗机,部署于"维克拉玛蒂亚"号航母,强化了印度的远洋作战能力,2020年,印度追加采购21架米格-29并升级59架现役机型。2018年,俄印突破重重阻力,签署54.3亿美元的S-400防空系统合同,同时推进苏-57隐形战机项目落地。

总的来说,印度长期占俄罗斯武器出口总额的30%,而对印军售也很大程度支撑了俄国防工业体系的运转,尤其在西方制裁下更为关键。而对印度来说,“物美价廉”且条件更为宽松的俄制装备成为其的首选也并不让人感到奇怪了。

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